Understanding Air Quality Alerts 

Woman wearing a mask, standing outside at a train station.

July 17, 2024 | Tags: Preventive Care Wellness

Stepping outside to get some fresh summer air can be a relaxing, enjoyable and even healthy experience. Clean air is crucial for your continued health and wellness.

So, when there’s an “air quality alert” in your area, it’s important to be aware of what’s going on. But what exactly does an “air quality alert” mean? And what are the dangers it can pose to your health? 

Here’s a breakdown of all you need to know: 

The Impact of Air Quality on Your Health 

An air quality alert signals an increase of pollutants (unhealthy gases and particulate matter) in the air.  

Because air pollution isn’t always visible to the naked eye, even clear skies can contain hazardous toxins that come from a variety of sources, like motor vehicle exhaust and wildfire smoke. This can make breathing more difficult, which can worsen health symptoms and chronic issues. Air quality is rated through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Air Quality Index (AQI). It’s rated on a scale of 0 to over 300, which can fluctuate depending on current conditions.  

The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and health concern: 

  • Low value (0 - 100) = good to moderate
  • Moderate value (101 - 200) = unhealthy
  • High value (201 - 300+) = very unhealthy to hazardous

Check the AQI to determine if there are unhealthy levels in your area. 

Who’s Most at Risk 

Poor air quality isn’t healthy for anyone, but especially groups of individuals that can be more susceptible to the effects. This includes: 

  • Older adults
  • Children under the age of 18
  • Pregnant people
  • Individuals with certain health conditions

Those with pre-existing or chronic conditions are at greater risk and should take extra precautions on poor air quality days. This includes individuals with the following conditions: 

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Heart disease
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma and allergies

Short-Term and Long-Term Health Effects 

Small or large, it doesn’t matter. Exposure to airborne pollutants and particles in any amount is unhealthy. Both short and prolonged periods of time in this type of environment can have lasting, negative effects on your health and wellness.  

Short-term effects are temporary and can include: 

  • Trouble breathing and shortness of breath
  • Coughing or wheezing
  • Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat
  • Headaches and dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea

Long-term effects can last an undisclosed amount of time: months, years or be lifelong. They can include: 

  • Heart disease
  • Lung cancer
  • Respiratory diseases
  • Chronic inflammation

Take Steps to Protect Your Health 

Stay informed and be ready to protect yourself on days when air quality numbers are high.  

Consider staying indoors and running air conditioning with a HEPA filter to keep indoor air clean. Since exhaust from vehicles attributes to air pollution, limit vehicle transportation or consider carpooling when traveling.  

Reduce time spent outside and the intensity of outdoor activities and exercise. Also consider wearing a mask. The American Lung Association recommends N95 masks as they are specially designed to filter out fine particles in the air.  

When to Speak to Your Doctor 

Play close attention to any reccurring or worsening symptoms, including chest pain or tightness, feeling more out of breath than usual or extreme fatigue. See a doctor immediately if symptoms are severe. 

Talk to your primary care provider (PCP) about ways to stay safe and healthy.  

Medical Mutual members who need help finding a provider can use the Find a Provider tool or call Customer Care at the number listed on their member ID card.

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